How to answer exam questions correctly

When a learner understands what the examiner is asking them, they’ll be able to answer the questions in an exam paper correctly. To understand what the examiner is asking, the learner must identify the question and focus words in an exam question.

Learner studying for exams

It is important for learners to look for and understand the question words (the words that tell you what to do, also known as key action words) to correctly understand what the examiner is asking.

Once the learner has read the question once, they should circle the question word and then underline any other important focus words (the words that tell you what content to include in your answer). The combination of the circled and underlined words will tell the learner exactly what is being asked.

Share these explanations with your learners so they can use it as a guide to help them answer questions.

QUESTION WORD WHAT YOU NEED TO DO
Analyse Separate, examine and interpret the concept
Argue Give arguments to support your statement or to oppose somebody else’s statement, and substantiate your argument with an example
Assess Give a judgement and back it up with evidence or reasoning
Calculate This means a numerical (number) answer is required. You must show your working, especially where two or more steps are involved
Classify Group things based on common characteristics
Compare Point out or show both similarities and differences between things or concepts
Critically evaluate Describe both sides of an argument, come to a conclusion and justify your decision
Debate State the positive or negative side of an argument, and substantiate your point with an example
Define Give a clear meaning of the concept
Describe State in words (using diagrams where appropriate) the main points of a structure/process/phenomenon/investigation
Determine To calculate something, or to discover the answer by examining evidence
Differentiate Use differences to qualify categories
Explain/ Discuss Give a clear, detailed description of the focus topic
Identify Name the essential characteristics
Illustrate Give examples to demonstrate or prove something
Justify Give clear, detailed reasons fo taking a particular position
Label Identify on a diagram or drawing
List Write a list of items, with no additional detail
Mention Refer to relevant points
Name Give the name (proper noun) of something
State/Give Write down information without discussion
Recommend / Suggest Give your opinion and back it up with facts, reason or an explanation
Tabulate Draw a table and indicate the answers as direct pairs

Exam Preparation Tips for the Matric Class of 2021

Dr Veronique Genniker, Marang Education Trust Director at Pearson South Africa, shares exam preparation tips for the matric class of 2021. This year has not been easy for learners, who have needed to overcome several challenges that no one could have predicted. Despite this, we remain optimistic that they will pull through and put their best foot forward as they take a step towards the next part of their varied life journeys.

Girl doing homework

South Africa’s National Senior Certificate exams are due to commence on Friday 22 October 2021, with the Minister of Basic Education, Angie Motshekga expressing positive sentiments in a media briefing, calling the matric class of 2021, a “resilient group,” that “would be able to surprise us with better results than last year.” Undoubtedly, the matric class of 2021 has faced unprecedented difficulties brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and have much to do in the way of preparations for the upcoming final exams, which will set a benchmark for those continuing into tertiary education.

“We wish all South African matriculants well as they head into exam season. This year has not been easy for learners, who have needed to overcome several challenges that no one could have predicted. Despite this, we remain optimistic that they will pull through and put their best foot forward as they take a step towards the next part of their varied life journeys as tertiary students, entering the workplace, partaking in the president’s youth employment programs, or even taking up an apprenticeship. We’ve put together a list of helpful tips to help learners through this demanding time,” said Dr Veronique Genniker, Marang Education Trust Director at Pearson South Africa.

5 exam preparation tips for the matric class of 2021:

  1. Create an enabling physical environment to study

The layout, design, and lighting of the space you study in can have a profound effect on how you will think and feel about the preparations for your final exams. Some students can concentrate optimally when they are in uncluttered rooms while others can focus better when they are surrounded by familiar items they associate with feelings of comfort and safety. Some students find background music distracting, while others find that listening to music while studying allows them to concentrate better. Many students do not have the luxury of studying in their own space, so should try to study with a friend or family who can accommodate them. It is heartwarming how many teachers and community members open their homes to make sure that learners have a safe and secure place to study. If you do have the luxury of space, make sure to tap into your spatial awareness and take some time to optimize your study environment by considering aspects like how much natural light filters into the space, how comfortable your chair is, whether you prefer to see a clock while you study and even which pen colours are more stimulating when making notes and mind maps.

  1. Make sure you get enough sleep, eat healthy and focus on what makes you feel calm

Getting 6-8 hours of sleep is important to refresh and energize your body and mind. Breathing is something we all do naturally and without any real effort. However, focusing on the inhalation and exhalation of breath can help to ease the mind and promote a state of relaxation, especially when under pressure. Conscious breathing exercises do not have to take up a lot of time and can be done anywhere. Google “breathing techniques for stress relief,” and try a few of the exercises. You can tailor your exercise to how much time you have. It is recommended that you take a break to breathe consciously for 3-5 minutes at least once every hour, just to oxygenate the body and calm the mind. Eating balanced meals and snacking on fruit with water daily is important to maintain your energy levels.

  1. Set goals for your individual and study buddy sessions

The sheer amount of reading that needs to be done and concepts that need to be grasped ahead of the exam period can be quite overwhelming. Having a timetable for each subject as well as measurable goals for each study session can help to lower stress levels and divide your study sessions into manageable parts. To create a timetable, make a list of all the content that needs to be studied for each subject, then work backwards from the exam date and make sure that during each study session, a piece of that content is covered. Then, dedicate your study sessions to only the parts you have identified for that day and take a break or reward yourself when you achieve those goals. It is important to have individual and study buddy sessions to enable you to discuss content you are struggling with. Find a study buddy who is great with content you are struggling with and who can explain it to you, so that you better understand it.

  1. Use visualisation techniques

Often, the very thought of sitting in an examination hall with other learners in complete silence to sit for a final exam can be very overwhelming and can cause stress and panic. You can reduce some of this stress before you sit the exam, by using visualization (imagining) as a preparation tool. To do this, close your eyes and picture yourself sitting in the exam hall, try to imagine what you will be experiencing on a sensory level – what you see, what you hear, what you smell, etc. Then, wherever you are sitting, do some hand and leg stretches and take a few deep breaths. Picture yourself being calm, feeling confident and accepting that your best is always good enough. Do this at least once a day while you are preparing so that your mind and body are ready for the big day. If possible, ask for permission to go and sit in the examination hall/room before the examination.

  1. Find your ideal learning technique

One school of thought proposes that people learn best through varying stimuli – some people are visual learners, while others are auditory or kinesthetic learners. To find out what your best learning technique is, try a few methods and test what works best for you. If you learn by hearing, then record yourself reading your study notes and play them back to yourself. If you are a visual learner, create colorful mind maps, flowcharts, bullet-point lists and put them up in the room where you study. And if you are a kinesthetic learner, try taking a walk or doing gentle movements while you talk yourself through your content. You know yourself best, so study where, when, and how it works best for you. This is your exam so do whatever works best for you and know that your best will always be good enough.

ABOUT AUTHOR

Dr. Veronique Genniker is the Director of Pearson Marang Education Trust (PMET). She holds a PhD. in Education Psychology, Master’s in Science Education, Postgraduate in Leadership, and a Higher Teaching Diploma. PMET is the flagship Social Impact Programme of Pearson South Africa. PMET provides quality research based, accredited integrated personal & professional development training, coaching, and mentoring to under resourced deep rural schools across South Africa together with fully funded under-graduate bursaries. Her main responsibility is providing strategic leadership and oversight to her team and maintaining high- level national and international stakeholder relationships. She specializes in conceptualizing needs based professional developmental programmes that support National Education Policies to significantly improve education outcomes and to provide great returns on Corporate Social Investments. She has 33 years of experience working across all levels within the education system where she now proudly engages as a Global Diversity and Inclusive Advocate, Well-being Champion, Chair of the Middle East and Africa’s Women in Learning and Leadership Chapter and Mindfulness Teacher. She thrives on coaching leadership teams and mentoring young women. Her international experience includes Advanced Science and Leadership at the University of Kent in England and France. Rotary International Alumni in the Netherlands and California USA. Advanced Environmental Education at the University of Uppsala and Malmo in Sweden and Denmark. Presenter at Houston Independent School District in Texas USA, Pearson Academy in Melbourne Australia and participated in Efficacy and Partnership Forums in Singapore and Doha. In 2018 she received a Global Award for Excellence in Leadership from the Women’s Economic Forum in New Delhi India. In 2019 she was awarded 2 global Pan African Awards for Africa’s Most Influential Women in Education and Training and partook in the Businesswomen’s Association of South Africa’s Dialogue with the President of South Africa. In 2020 she presented at the International Congress of School Effectiveness and Improvement in Morocco and at the Women’s Economic Forum in Egypt and Turkey and became a member of the Al Azhar Management Board at the Muslim Judicial Council of South Africa.